6 - Finland

Peer reviewe

The Interpretation of Licensing Agreements. Time for a Reassessment?

Non peer reviewe

Consumer buying behaviour in online legal services

Abstract. Online legal services refer to electronic or digital legal services (in the form of software, apps, web pages, etc.) that can increase common people understanding of legal issues, access to legal information and social participation in legal related matters. By automating tasks traditionally performed only by lawyers and by making legal services available on the Internet, online legal services make the access to justice more affordable and accessible to all. In this modern context, where common consumers have the opportunity buy and use legal services completely on the internet and without the help of a traditional lawyer, it is necessary to investigate how consumers behave when they shop for legal services online. In accordance, the purpose of the research is to understand the consumer buying behaviour in online legal services, based on empirical research, contributing to the literature about online legal services; and to provide managerial implications for legal services companies about how to improve their marketing strategies and build their consumer relationships, based on the empirical findings. Therefore, the study delves into the minds of consumers to uncover their needs, motivations and intentions about online legal services, and it is the first study to investigate the consumer buying behaviour in online legal services. The research is planned focusing on the theories of consumer buying behaviour, technology acceptance and on prior research of online legal services. The empirical research is conducted using a survey questionnaire, employing a mixed-method approach. Brazil was chosen as the field for the research, because it is the world’s fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous, where legal services are highly demanded and where online legal services have potential to be widely utilized, although not much is known about the consumer behaviour towards them. The sample studied is 419 potential consumers of online legal services. To process the data, the author makes statistical analysis of each quantitative reply, qualitative thematic content analysis for each qualitative answer, and deeply analyse the final results of the research, developing a framework for the consumer buying behaviour in online legal services. The empirical findings show that the consumers of online legal services behave motivated by Price, Legal problem-solving capability, Convenience (Perceived ease of use), Speed, Safety, Quality and Trustability and that consumers have an overall positive attitude about online legal services, even though negative attitudes were also identified. Utilitarian needs and motivations, behavioural intention, attitude, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, information search, evaluation of alternatives, social influence, facilitating conditions, trust, perceived risk, and price value; influence and characterize the buying behaviour in online legal services and lead to the consequent consumer purchase decision. Furthermore, the buying process in online legal services follows the Five-stage buying process, but the consumer might deviate during it, because of, among other reasons, social influence and the lack of trust

Franchising in Finland – Lessons Learned from a Multiple Case Study

Peer reviewe

God handledning : En teoretisk studie om hur handledning av vårdstuderande kunde vara

Syftet med studien är att klargöra hur en god handledning kan se ut. Vi vill lyfta fram vad god handledning är och vilka delar som bidrar till att hand-ledningen blir god. Vår forskningsfråga lyder: Vad kännetecknar en god handledning? Den teoretiska utgångspunkten består av Benners och Ekeberghs tankar om reflektion. Datainsamlingsmetoden är dokument-studier. Vi skall göra en sammanfattning av tidigare forskning bestående av 30 vetenskapliga forskningar. Som dataanalysmetod har vi valt översiktsartikeln resumé för att få en snabb översikt av forskningarna. Innehållsanalys användes för att analysera resultatet. Frågorna som ställdes till forskningsresultatet var: Vilka faktorer har betydelse för att handledningen ska bli god? Vad kännetecknar reflektionen i handledningen? Resultatet beskrivs utgående från de frågor som ställdes till tidigare forskning. De faktorer som inverkar på handledningen är hand-ledarens egenskaper, handledningsmetod, handledningens yttre ramar, diskussion, integration teori–praktik samt handledningsteknik. Hand-ledarens relationella och personliga egenskaper är av betydelse för hur handledningen blir. Kommunikationen mellan handledare och studerande är viktig. Att ha klara målsättningar och ett handledningsschema är avgörande för studerandes praktik, även att skapa en trygg atmosfär. Genom att integrera teori med praktik främjas studerandes professionella utveckling och känslan av att känna sig kompetent. Som en handledningsteknik kan kritiskt tänkande vara en möjlighet samt att handledare ger kontinuerlig utvärdering åt studerande. Grupphandledning ansågs även som positivt.The purpose of this study is to explain what good supervision of nursing students on practical training could be like. We want to highlight what good supervision is and what parts of it make it good supervision. The question that we want an answer to is: What distinguishes good supervision? The theoretical starting points are Benner’s and Ekebergh’s thoughts about reflection. The data was collected through document studies. We have made a summary of earlier research consisting of 30 scientific researches. As method of analysis we chose review articles in order to quickly get an overview of the research. The analysis of data has been done with the help of content analysis. The questions were: What factors are important for the supervision to be good? What characterizes reflection in supervision? Factors that affect supervision are the supervisor’s characteristics, method of supervision, outer frames of supervision, discussion, integration theory-practice and supervision technique. The supervisor’s relational and personal characteristics have a great importance for how the supervision is going to be. The communication between the supervisor and the student is important. Having clear goals and a supervision schedule is conclusive for students’ practice, also in order to create a safe atmosphere. Integrating theory with practice promotes the student’s professional development and the feeling of being competent. As a supervision technique, critical thinking could be a possibility, as well as supervisors giving continuous feedback to students. Group supervision was also considered as positive

Bilingual Legal Education in Finland

The findings are also summarized in a General Report that was presented at the 20th IACL General Congress in Fukuoka, Japan.Bilingualism is a national cornerstone in Finland due to the fact that Finland has two constitutionally recognised national languages: Finnish and Swedish. Finnish is spoken by approximately 90% of the population and Swedish by little over 5%. This chapter explains how the concept of bilingualism is understood from a national perspective and how the legal education is structured with regard to the existence of two national languages. The focus is specifically put on the structure of the legal education at the University of Helsinki, including the Vaasa Unit of Legal Studies, as the University of Helsinki is the only bilingual university in Finland and the only provider of a full law degree (Bachelor’s and Master’s degree) in both national languages. The Faculty of Law at the University of Helsinki has a national responsibility to provide legal education in the minority national language Swedish. In addition, the legal education has been permeated with an international perspective over the years as a result of cross-border projects and research collaborations. In consequence, legal education programmes are today in fact tri- or multilingual, albeit the officially degrees in Finland are still only mono- or bilingual.Peer reviewe

Virtue Ethics in Private Law – Some Preliminary Thoughts

Peer reviewe

Factors Affecting the Accessibility of IT Artifacts : A Systematic Review

Accessibility awareness and development have improved in the past two decades, but many users still encounter accessibility barriers when using information technology (IT) artifacts (e.g., user interfaces and websites). Current research in information systems and human-computer interaction disciplines explores methods, techniques, and factors affecting the accessibility of IT artifacts for a particular population and provides solutions to address these barriers. However, design realized in one solution should be used to provide accessibility to the widest range of users, which requires an integration of solutions. To identify the factors that cause accessibility barriers and the solutions for users with different needs, a systematic literature review was conducted. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by revealing (1) management- and development-level factors, and (2) user perspective factors affecting accessibility that address different accessibility barriers to different groups of population (based on the International Classification of Functioning by the World Health Organization). Based on these findings, we synthesize and illustrate the factors and solutions that need to be addressed when creating an accessible IT artifact.© 2022 by the Association for Information Systems. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and full citation on the first page. Copyright for components of this work owned by others than the Association for Information Systems must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists requires prior specific permission and/or fee. Request permission to publish from: AIS Administrative Office, P.O. Box 2712 Atlanta, GA, 30301-2712 Attn: Reprints are via e-mail from [email protected]=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed